NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes Class 10:- Life processes are the essential activities that keep all living organisms alive. In Class 10 Science, studying life processes means learning how living things carry out basic functions like taking in food (nutrition), breathing (respiration), moving nutrients and wastes (transportation), and getting rid of waste (excretion). Each of these processes is vital to keep the body’s systems balanced and working smoothly. 

This article includes NCERT solution of life processes Class 10 questions and answers, following the Class 10 Science Chapter 6 question answer format, making it ideal for exam preparation.By using these life processes Class 10 NCERT solutions, students can gain confidence and excel in their studies.

Preparing for the Life Processes chapter in Class 10 Science can be easy with the right resources! This chapter, one of the core sections in biology, delves into essential life processes like nutrition, respiration, transportation, and excretion, which sustain living organisms. For students seeking clarity and precision,these life process question answer sets ensure thorough understanding and retention.

These resources simplify complex questions which is crucial for exam preparation. With easy access to life processes and Class 10 NCERT solutions, students can confidently tackle questions. Check out the class 10 science chapter 6 question answer below:- 

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NCERT Solution of Class 10 Science Chapter 6 Life Processes

1. Why is diffusion insufficient to meet the oxygen requirements of multicellular organisms like humans?

Solution: Diffusion is slow and inadequate for multicellular organisms like humans, which have large body sizes and high oxygen demands. It cannot efficiently transport oxygen to all cells quickly enough, requiring a more complex system for effective oxygen delivery.

2. What criteria do we use to decide whether something is alive?

Solution: An organism is considered alive if it exhibits life processes such as growth, respiration, and movement. These processes are essential indicators of life, even if not always visible to the naked eye.

3. What are outside raw materials used for by an organism?

Solution: Organisms use external raw materials such as food and oxygen for energy, growth, and repair. The specific needs depend on the organism’s complexity and environment.

4. What processes would you consider essential for maintaining life?

Solution: Essential life processes include respiration, digestion, excretion, circulation, and transportation, which collectively sustain and support an organism's life functions.

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Questions Page Number 101

1. Differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition:

1. Where do plants get each of the raw materials required for photosynthesis?
   Solution: Plants obtain CO2 through stomata, water from the soil via roots, and sunlight for photosynthesis.

2. What is the role of the acid in our stomach?
   Solution: The stomach acid (HCl) creates an acidic environment for enzyme activation (pepsinogen to pepsin) and helps kill harmful bacteria.

3. What is the function of digestive enzymes?
   Solution: Digestive enzymes break down complex food molecules into simpler forms for absorption into the bloodstream.

4. How is the small intestine designed to absorb digested food?
   Solution: The small intestine's microvilli increase surface area for absorption, while blood vessels in the villi transport absorbed nutrients.

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Questions Page Number 105

1. Advantage of terrestrial organisms over aquatic ones for respiration:
   Solution: Terrestrial organisms breathe atmospheric oxygen, which is more abundant than dissolved oxygen in water, making respiration more efficient.

2. Different ways glucose is oxidised to provide energy in various organisms:
   Solution: Glucose undergoes glycolysis in the cytoplasm, followed by further breakdown processes in mitochondria, varying by organism.

3. How are oxygen and carbon dioxide transported in human beings?
   Solution: Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported in the blood. Oxygen is absorbed into the blood from the alveoli in the lungs, and CO2 is expelled.

4. How are the lungs designed to maximise the area for the exchange of gases?
   Solution: The lungs have alveoli with thin walls and a dense network of capillaries to maximize gas exchange efficiency.

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Questions Page Number 110

1. Components of the transport system in human beings:
   Solution: The heart, blood, and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood, blood transports substances, and vessels carry blood throughout the body.

2. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in mammals and birds?
   Solution: To maintain efficient oxygen delivery and energy production, crucial for regulating body temperature in warm-blooded animals.

3. Components of the transport system in highly organised plants:
   Solution: Xylem (transports water and minerals) and phloem (transports food).

4. How are water and minerals transported in plants?
   Solution: Water and minerals move through xylem vessels from roots to other parts, driven by transpiration.

5. How is food transported in plants?
   Solution: Phloem transports food from leaves to other plant parts, using ATP energy and osmotic pressure.

Questions Page Number 112

1. Structure and functioning of nephrons:
   Solution: Nephrons are kidney filtration units consisting of glomerulus, Bowman’s capsule, and renal tubules, filtering blood and forming urine.

2. Methods used by plants to get rid of excretory products:
   Solution: Plants excrete through transpiration, shedding old tissues, and storing wastes in vacuoles or old xylem.

3. How is the amount of urine produced regulated?
   Solution: Urine production is regulated by body water levels and ADH hormone levels.

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Questions Page Number 113

1. The kidneys in human beings are part of the system for:
   Solution: (c) excretion

2. The xylem in plants is responsible for:
   Solution: (a) transport of water

3. The autotrophic mode of nutrition requires:
   Solution: (d) all of the above

4. The breakdown of pyruvate to give carbon dioxide, water, and energy takes place in:
   Solution: (b) mitochondria

5. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
   Solution: Fats are broken down in the small intestine with the help of bile and pancreatic enzymes.

6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
   Solution: Saliva contains amylase that breaks down starch into sugar, aiding in the digestion process.

7. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophic nutrition, and what are its byproducts?
   Solution: Requires CO2, water, chlorophyll, and sunlight; byproducts include glucose and oxygen.

8. Differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration:

• Aerobic Respiration:

• Occurs with oxygen.

• Produces CO2, water, and energy.

• Takes place in mitochondria.

• Example organisms: Most higher organisms (e.g., humans, animals).

• Anaerobic Respiration:

• Occurs without oxygen.

• Produces ethyl alcohol (or lactic acid), CO2, and energy.

• Takes place in cytoplasm (initially) and mitochondria (partially).

• Example organisms: Yeast, some bacteria, tapeworms.

9. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?

Solution: Alveoli are balloon-like structures with thin walls and extensive capillary networks. This design facilitates efficient gas exchange by providing a large surface area for the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood.

10. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?

Solution: A deficiency in haemoglobin leads to reduced oxygen delivery to body cells, resulting in symptoms like fatigue, weakness, and pale skin. This condition is known as anaemia.

11. Describe the double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?

Solution: Double circulation refers to the process where blood travels through the heart twice in a single cycle. It consists of:

• Pulmonary Circulation: Blood from the right ventricle is sent to the lungs to receive oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Oxygenated blood returns to the left atrium.

• Systemic Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle is pumped to the rest of the body. Deoxygenated blood returns to the right atrium.

• Necessity: This separation ensures efficient oxygen delivery to tissues and maintains body temperature.

12. Differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem:

• Xylem Transport:

• Transports water and minerals upward from roots to other plant parts.

• Phloem Transport:

• Transports food (mainly sugars) in both upward and downward directions throughout the plant.

13. Compare the functioning of alveoli in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with respect to their structure and functioning:

• Alveoli:

• Balloon-like structures in the lungs with extensive capillary networks for gas exchange.

• Nephrons:

• Tubular structures in the kidneys responsible for filtering blood, reabsorbing essential substances, and forming urine.

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Life Processes Class 10 Summary 

1. Introduction to Life Processes: Life processes are essential functions that sustain life. They include nutrition, respiration, transport, excretion, and reproduction. Understanding these processes helps explain how organisms maintain their health and adapt to their environments.

2. Nutrition:

• Autotrophic Nutrition: Plants and certain microorganisms synthesize their own food through photosynthesis. They use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen.

• Heterotrophic Nutrition: Animals and fungi obtain food by consuming other organisms. They rely on autotrophs or other heterotrophs for their nutritional needs.

3. Respiration:

• Aerobic Respiration: Occurs in the presence of oxygen, where glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This process takes place in mitochondria.

• Anaerobic Respiration: Occurs in the absence of oxygen, producing less energy and yielding products like ethyl alcohol or lactic acid, along with carbon dioxide. It occurs in the cytoplasm initially and partially in mitochondria.

4. Transport:

• In Humans: The circulatory system, comprising the heart, blood, and blood vessels, facilitates the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. Blood is pumped by the heart through two circuits: pulmonary (to the lungs) and systemic (to the rest of the body).

• In Plants: The vascular system includes xylem and phloem. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts, while phloem distributes the products of photosynthesis from leaves to other plant tissues.

5. Excretion:

• In Humans: The excretory system, including kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, removes metabolic waste products from the blood and regulates water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons in the kidneys filter blood, reabsorb essential substances, and form urine.

• In Plants: Waste products are often eliminated through transpiration or by shedding leaves. Some wastes are stored in vacuoles or xylem tissues.

6. Reproduction:

• Asexual Reproduction: Involves a single parent and results in offspring identical to the parent. Examples include binary fission in bacteria and vegetative propagation in plants.

• Sexual Reproduction: Involves two parents and combines genetic material to produce offspring with genetic diversity. This process includes gamete formation, fertilization, and the development of offspring.

7. Importance of Life Processes: Life processes are crucial for maintaining homeostasis, growth, and development. They enable organisms to obtain energy, build and repair tissues, and respond to environmental changes. Understanding these processes is essential for the study of biology and the health sciences.

Life Processes Class 10 FAQs

Q1. What are the basic life processes in organisms?

Ans. The basic life processes are nutrition, respiration, transport, excretion, and reproduction. These processes are essential for the survival and functioning of living organisms.

Q2. How does autotrophic nutrition differ from heterotrophic nutrition?

Ans. Autotrophic nutrition involves organisms (like plants) synthesising their own food from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Heterotrophic nutrition involves organisms (like animals) obtaining food by consuming other organisms.

Q3. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

Ans. Chlorophyll is a pigment in plants that captures sunlight and converts it into chemical energy, facilitating the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis.