NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate: Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 NCERT solutions are prepared to help students with their CBSE exam preparation. Students must go through all Climate Class 9 questions and answers to understand the topic. There are two basic elements in our country that students have learned in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 i.e., landforms and the drainage system of our country. The third element atmospheric conditions is discussed in the chapter of NCERT solutions. Students can check the Climate Class 9 questions and answers in this article below.

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Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate Class 9 Questions and Answers

Students can check NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Climate below. It is advised to practise these solutions to understand the chapter better. Students must revise these solutions daily to get a good score in the CBSE examination. 

Question 1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.

(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?

(a) Silchar

(b) Mawsynram

(c) Cherrapunji

(d) Guwahati

Answer: Mawsynram

Read More: NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 1

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summer is known as:

(a) Kaal Baisakhi

(b) Loo

(c) Trade Winds

(d) None of the above

Answer: Loo

Read More: NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Geography Chapter 2

(iii) Which one of the following causes rainfall during winters in the northwestern part of India?

(a) Cyclonic depression

(b) Retreating monsoon

(c) Western disturbances

(d) Southwest monsoon

Answer: Western disturbances

Read More: NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Geography Chapter 3

(iv) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:

(a) Early May

(b) Early July

(c) Early June

(d) Early August

Answer: Early June

(v) Which one of the following characterizes the cold-weather season in India?

(a) Warm days and warm nights

(b) Warm days and cold nights

(c) Cool days and cold nights

(d) Cold days and warm nights

Answer: Warm days and cold nights.

Question 2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are the factors affecting the climate of India?

Answer: The factors affecting the climate of India are

1. Latitude

2. Altitude

3. Pressure and Winds

(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?

Answer: The climate of India is described as the ‘monsoon’ type. Monsoon refers to the seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year.
The monsoon type of climate is characterised by a distinct seasonal pattern. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other. These changes are particularly noticeable in the interior parts of the country. The coastal areas do not experience much variation in temperature, though there is variation in the rainfall pattern.
Four main seasons can be identified in India – the cold weather season, the hot weather season, the advancing monsoon and the retreating monsoon with some regional variations.
The climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds. The duration of the monsoon is between 100-120 days from early June to mid-September.

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(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?

Answer: The regions experiencing this phenomenon are in the northwestern part of India. The reason behind this effect is the Thar desert. Moreover, this region does not have an ocean to moderate the temperature.

(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar Coast?

Answer: Southwest monsoon winds are responsible for rainfall along the Malabar Coast.

(v) What are Jet streams, and how do they affect the climate of India?

Answer: Jet Streams are a narrow belt of high altitude (above 12,000 m) westerly winds in the troposphere. Their speed varies from about 110 km/h in summer to about 184 km/h in winter. A number of separate jet streams have been identified.

The most constant is the mid-latitude and subtropical jet stream. They cause depression during the monsoon season.

(vi) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?

Answer: Breaks in monsoon are related to the movement of the monsoon trough. For various reasons, the trough and its axis keep on moving northward or southward, which determines the spatial distribution of rainfall. When the axis of the monsoon trough lies over the plains, rainfall is good in these parts.

On the other hand, whenever the axis shifts closer to the Himalayas, there are longer dry spells in the plains, and widespread rain occurs in the mountainous catchment areas of the Himalayan rivers.

(vii) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?

Answer: The unifying influence of the monsoon on the Indian subcontinent is quite perceptible. The seasonal alteration of the wind systems and the associated weather conditions provide a rhythmic cycle of seasons.

Even the uncertainties of rain and uneven distribution are very much typical of the monsoons. The Indian landscape, its animal and plant life, its entire agricultural calendar and the life of the people (including their festivities) revolve around this phenomenon.

Year after year, the people of India, from north to south and from east to west, eagerly await the arrival of the monsoon. These monsoon winds bind the whole country by providing water to set agricultural activities in motion. The river valleys which carry this water also unite as a single river valley unit.

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Question 3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India?

Answer: As they move in that direction, the winds lose the moisture content. Hence, the reason for the reduction in rainfall.

Question 4. Give reasons as to why.

(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?

Answer: 1. Seasonal change in wind direction due to pressure difference.

2. El Nino plays a major role.

(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.

Answer: Rainfall is dependent on the Southwest Monsoon winds; it rapidly progresses and covers large swathes of the country by July.

(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.

Answer: It is because of North-East monsoon winds.

(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.

Answer: The Bay of Bengal faces frequent pressure changes.

(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.

Answer: Because they fall in the rain shadow region of the Aravali Mountains.

Question 5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples

Answer:

1. The cold weather season begins in mid-November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India. The temperature decreases from south to north.

2. The average temperature of Chennai, on the eastern coast, is between 24°-25° Celsius, while in the northern plains, it ranges between 10°C and 15° Celsius. Days are warm, and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north, and the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall

3. In March, the highest temperature is about 38° Celsius, recorded on the Deccan plateau. In April, temperatures in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh are around 42° Celsius. In May, the temperature of 45° Celsius is common in the northwestern parts of the country. In peninsular India, temperatures remain lower due to the moderating influence of the oceans.

Question 6. Discuss the mechanisms of the monsoon.

Answer: 

(a) The differential heating and cooling of land and water create a low pressure on the landmass of India while the seas around experience comparatively high pressure.

(b) The shift of the position of Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in summer over the Ganga Plain. (This is the equatorial trough, normally positioned about 5°N of the equator. It is also known as the monsoon trough during the monsoon season.)

(c) The presence of the high-pressure area, east of Madagascar, approximately at 20°S over the Indian Ocean. The intensity and position of this high-pressure area affect the Indian Monsoon.

(d) The Tibetan Plateau gets intensely heated during summer, which results in strong vertical air currents and the formation of low pressure over the plateau at about 9 km above sea level.

(e) The movement of the westerly jet stream to the north of the Himalayas and the presence of the tropical easterly jet stream over the Indian peninsula during summer.

Question 7. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.

Answer. The weather conditions greatly change from one season to the other. These changes are particularly noticeable in the interior parts of the country. The coastal areas do not experience much variation in temperature though there is variation in rainfall patterns. The cold weather season begins from mid- November in northern India and stays till February. December and January are the coldest months in the northern part of India. The temperature decreases from the south to the north. The average temperature of Chennai, on the eastern coast, is between 24° – 25° Celsius, while in the northern plains, it ranges between 10° – 15° Celsius. Days are warm and nights are cold. Frost is common in the north and the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall.

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CBSE Class 9 Geography Chapter 4 Climate Summary

Climate is influenced by various factors, including latitude, altitude, distance from the sea, and winds. Latitude affects climate because the amount of sunlight a place receives changes with its distance from the equator. Places closer to the equator are warmer, while those near the poles are cooler.

Altitude, or the height above sea level, also impacts climate. Higher altitudes generally have cooler temperatures compared to lower altitudes. For example, the temperature in the mountains is cooler than in the plains at the same latitude.

The distance from the sea plays a significant role as well. Coastal areas tend to have milder climates with less temperature variation, while inland areas experience more extreme temperatures, with hotter summers and colder winters.

Winds and ocean currents also affect climate. Winds can bring moisture or dry air to a region, while ocean currents can warm or cool coastal areas. For instance, the Gulf Stream warms Western Europe, while the cold Labrador Current cools parts of Eastern Canada.

The chapter also discusses different types of climates, such as tropical, temperate, and polar, based on these factors. Understanding these elements helps explain why different regions of the world experience varied weather patterns and climatic conditions.

Climate Class 9 Notes FAQs

Q1. What is the climate class 9 answer?

Ans. The sum total of weather conditions and variations over a large area for a long period of time (more than thirty years) is called climate.

Q2. What is the name of Chapter 4 of Class 9 Geography?

Ans. The name of Chapter 4 of Class 9 Geography is Climate Controls which includes the factors affecting India’s Climate Latitude Altitude Pressure and Winds. 

Q3. Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?

Ans. India has a monsoon type of climate because the climate of India is strongly influenced by monsoon winds.

Q4. What are the solutions to the climate?

Ans. Changing our main energy sources to clean and renewable energy is the best solution to the Climate. 

Q5. What is a retreating monsoon?

Ans. The Northeast Monsoon or Post-Monsoon Season is called retreating monsoon as during this period the southwest monsoon winds start withdrawing from the Indian subcontinent.