NEET Biology Syllabus 2026: Detailed Chapter-Wise Syllabus

NEET Biology Syllabus for Class 11

Unit Name

Key Topics

Unit 1 – Diversity of Living Organisms

What is living, biodiversity, need for classification, species and taxonomy, binomial nomenclature. Five-kingdom classification: features of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Lichens, Viruses, Viroids. Plant groups: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms. Animal groups: Non-chordates up to phylum level, and chordates up to class level (main features and examples).

Unit 2 – Structural Organisation in Plants & Animals

Plant morphology, modifications, tissues, and anatomy of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence (racemose and cymose), flower, fruit, and seed. Study of plant families like Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, and Gramineae. Animal tissues: basics of digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems in a frog (brief study).

Unit 3 – Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, plant and animal cells, cell envelope, membrane, wall, and organelles (ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, vacuoles, microbodies). Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, nucleus and its parts. Biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; enzymes and their action. Cell division: cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and importance.

Unit 4 – Plant Physiology

Photosynthesis: site, pigments, light and dark reactions, cyclic & non-cyclic photophosphorylation, chemiosmosis, photorespiration, C3 & C4 pathways, factors affecting photosynthesis. Respiration: gases exchange, glycolysis, fermentation, TCA cycle, ETS, ATP yield, RQ. Plant growth and development: seed germination, growth phases, differentiation, plant hormones (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA).

Unit 5 – Human Physiology

Breathing and respiration; human respiratory system; gas exchange and regulation; respiratory volumes; disorders (asthma, emphysema). Circulation: blood, lymph, heart structure, cardiac cycle, ECG, disorders (hypertension, CAD). Excretion: modes, human excretory system, urine formation, kidney regulation, disorders (uremia, renal failure). Locomotion & movement: muscle types, contraction, skeletal system, joints, disorders. Nervous system: neurons, CNS, PNS, nerve impulse. Endocrine system: glands, hormones, mechanisms, and disorders like dwarfism, goiter, and diabetes.

NEET Biology Syllabus for Class 12

Unit Name

Key Topics

Unit 6 – Reproduction

Flower reproduction: flower parts, male and female gametophytes, pollination types, double fertilisation, seed and fruit formation, apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony. Human reproduction: male and female systems, testis and ovary structure, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, embryo development, implantation, pregnancy, parturition, lactation. Reproductive health: STDs, birth control methods, MTP, amniocentesis, infertility, IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (basic idea).

Unit 7 – Genetics & Evolution

Heredity: Mendel’s laws, incomplete dominance, codominance, blood groups, pleiotropy, polygenic inheritance, chromosome theory, sex determination in humans and other organisms, linkage, crossing over, sex-linked inheritance, Mendelian disorders, and chromosomal disorders (Down’s, Turner’s, Klinefelter’s). Molecular genetics: DNA and RNA structure, replication, transcription, translation, genetic code, gene regulation (Lac operon), human genome project, DNA fingerprinting, protein synthesis. Evolution: origin of life, evidence of evolution, Darwin’s theory, modern theory, variation, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg principle, adaptive radiation, human evolution.

Unit 8 – Biology and Human Welfare

Health and disease: pathogens and parasites causing diseases like malaria, typhoid, pneumonia, ascariasis, dengue, chikungunya, ringworm, and the common cold. Basics of immunity, vaccines, cancer, HIV/AIDS, adolescent issues, drug and alcohol abuse. Microbes in human welfare: use in food, industries, sewage treatment, energy, biocontrol, and biofertilisers.

Unit 9 – Biotechnology and Its Applications

Principles of biotechnology: genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Applications: human insulin, vaccines, gene therapy, GM crops, transgenic animals, biosafety issues, biopiracy, and patents.

Unit 10 – Ecology and Environment

Organisms and their environment, interactions (mutualism, predation, competition, parasitism), population growth, birth and death rates, and age groups. Ecosystem: components, productivity, decomposition, energy flow, and ecological pyramids. Biodiversity: types, importance, loss, conservation methods, hotspots, endangered species, extinction, Red Data Book, national parks, sanctuaries, biosphere reserves, sacred groves.

Botany Syllabus for NEET 2026

Chapter Name

Topics Covered

Cell – The Unit of Life

Cell theory, overview of cells, prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Cell cycle, phases of cell cycle, significance of mitosis, meiosis I, meiosis II, full process of meiosis, significance of meiosis

The Living World

What is living, diversity in the living world, binomial nomenclature, and taxonomic categories

Biological Classification

Types of classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia, acellular organisms, symbiotic organisms

Plant Kingdom

Classification system, taxonomy, algae, bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed, semi-technical description of flowering plant, important families

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Tissues, simple tissues, complex tissues, tissue system, plant anatomy

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Early experiments, site of photosynthesis, pigments, light reaction, dark reaction, C4 pathway, photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis

Respiration in Plants

Plant respiration, glycolysis, fermentation, aerobic respiration, respiratory balance sheet, amphibolic pathway, respiratory quotient

Plant Growth and Development

Growth, growth rates, differentiation, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, development, plant growth regulators

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Flower structure, pre-fertilisation events (pollen grain, female gametophyte, pollination), post-fertilisation events (embryo, seed, fruit), apomixis, polyembryony

Principle of Inheritance and Variation

Genetics, Mendel’s laws, inheritance of one and two genes, polygenic inheritance, pleiotropy, sex determination, mutation, genetic disorders, chromosomal disorders

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

DNA, RNA world, search for genetic material, DNA replication, transcription, genetic code, RNA as adapter, translation, gene regulation, human genome project, DNA fingerprinting

Microbes in Human Welfare

Microbes in household, sewage treatment, biogas production, biocontrol, biofertilisers

Organisms and Population

Organisms and environment, populations, population growth, life history variation, population interactions

Ecosystem

Ecosystem structure, function, energy flow, and ecological pyramids

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biodiversity, patterns, loss of biodiversity, conservation methods, need for conservation

NEET Zoology Syllabus 2026

Chapter Name

Topics Covered

Structural Organisation in Animals (including the Frog)

Tissues: epithelium, connective, muscular, nervous; Cockroach; Frog anatomy

Biomolecules

Chemical composition analysis, metabolites, micromolecules, macromolecules, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, RNA, DNA, enzymes, dynamic state of body constituents

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Breathing and respiration, respiratory organs, human respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, respiratory volumes, gas exchange, transport of gases, regulation of respiration, respiratory disorders

Body Fluids and Circulation

Blood composition, plasma, formed elements, blood groups, coagulation, lymph, circulatory pathways, double circulation, coronary circulation, human heart and vessels, ECG, regulation of cardiac activity, circulatory disorders

Excretory Products & Their Elimination

Excretion types, human excretory system, nephron, urine formation, concentration of filtrate, micturition, kidney function regulation (kidney, hypothalamus, adrenal, heart), excretory disorders, renal failure treatment

Locomotion and Movement

Locomotory organs, types of movement, muscles and skeletal muscles, muscle contraction and relaxation, skeletal system, joints, related disorders

Neural Control & Coordination

Human neural system, neuron, nerve impulse, synapse, neurotransmitters, CNS, brain, spinal cord

Chemical Coordination and Integration

Endocrine system, hormones, glands (hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, gonads), hormones of GI tract, heart, kidney, non-endocrine tissues, feedback, hormone action

Animal Kingdom

Taxonomy, Kingdom Animalia, phyla: Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Nemathelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Hemichordata, Chordata; subphyla, vertebrate classes: Cyclostomata, Pisces (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes), Amphibia, Reptiles, Aves, Mammalia

Human Reproduction

Male and female reproductive systems, spermatogenesis, oogenesis, semen, sperm structure, ovum, menstrual cycle, fertilisation, implantation, sex determination, pregnancy, embryonic development, parturition, lactation

Reproductive Health

Reproductive health, population, contraceptive methods, MTP, STDs, infertility, assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs)

Evolution

Origin of life, evolutionary theories, evidence, adaptive radiation, natural and artificial selection, Hardy-Weinberg principle, speciation, human evolution

Human Health and Diseases

Common diseases, protozoan diseases, immunity (innate and acquired), lymphoid organs, immunisation, vaccination, transplantation, autoimmunity, AIDS, cancer, drug and alcohol abuse, adolescence, addiction

Biotechnology: Principles & Processes

Principles of biotechnology, genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, tools, DNA isolation and amplification, insertion into host, GMO production, biotech applications in agriculture and medicine, transgenic animals, and ethical issues

NEET Biology All Chapters List

S. No

Chapter Name

Section

1

Cell - The Unit of Life

Botany

2

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Botany

3

The Living World

Botany

4

Biological Classification

Botany

5

Plant Kingdom

Botany

6

Morphology of Flowering Plants

Botany

7

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

Botany

8

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

Botany

9

Respiration in Plants

Botany

10

Plant Growth and Development

Botany

11

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Botany

12

Principle of Inheritance and Variation

Botany

13

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Botany

14

Microbes in Human Welfare

Botany

15

Organisms and Population

Botany

16

Ecosystem

Botany

17

Biodiversity and Conservation

Botany

18

Structural Organisation in Animals (including the Frog)

Zoology

19

Biomolecules

Zoology

20

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

Zoology

21

Body Fluids and Circulation

Zoology

22

Excretory Products & their Elimination

Zoology

23

Locomotion & Movement

Zoology

24

Neural Control & Coordination

Zoology

25

Chemical Coordination & Integration

Zoology

26

Animal Kingdom

Zoology

27

Human Reproduction

Zoology

28

Reproductive Health

Zoology

29

Evolution

Zoology

30

Human Health and Diseases

Zoology

31

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Zoology

NEET Biology Syllabus 2026: Chapter-Wise Weightage

Chapters/Topics

No. of Questions (Based on 5-Year Analysis)

Weightage (%)

Chapter-Wise Weightage of NEET Zoology Syllabus

Structural Organisation in Animals (Animal Tissues)

4

8%

Locomotion and Movement

3

6%

Body Fluids and Circulation

2

5%

Evolution

3

6%

Biomolecules

5

10%

Human Reproduction

3

6%

Breathing and Exchange of Gases

2

4%

Excretory Products and Their Elimination

2

5%

Reproductive Health

4

8%

Biotechnology – Principles and Processes

6

12%

Human Health and Disease

3

6%

Biotechnology and its Applications

4

7%

Animal Kingdom

7

13%

Neural Control and Coordination

1

2%

Chemical Coordination and Integration

2

4%

Chapter-Wise Weightage of NEET Botany Syllabus

Biodiversity and Conservation

2

4%

Anatomy of Flowering Plants

3

7%

Cell: The Unit of Life

2

5%

Respiration in Plants

2

4%

Microbes in Human Welfare

2

4%

Cell Cycle and Cell Division

4

9%

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

6

14%

Principles of Inheritance and Variation

5

10%

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

3

6%

Ecosystem

2

4%

Morphology of Flowering Plants

3

6%

Plant Growth and Development

3

6%

The Living World

0

1%

Plant Kingdom

3

7%

Biological Classification

1

3%

Organisms and Populations

2

4%

Photosynthesis in Higher Plants

2

4%

PW NEET Preparation Books

Med Easy Zoology 2.0 and Botany Handwritten Notes Combo Set of 2

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38 Years NEET Previous Year Solved Question Papers Biology

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Objective NCERT Punch 4.0 Biology For NEET 2026

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Yakeen For NEET Droppers Botany and Zoology Modules

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