CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acid Bases and Salt

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October 09, 2025

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acid Bases and Salt

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 are very important for students to understand and remember the key points of the chapter easily. This chapter is part of the Class 10 Chemistry syllabus and helps students prepare well for exams. Good notes can make learning faster and help in last-minute revision.

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 notes focus on the properties and reactions of acids and bases. It explains how to use indicators to identify acids and bases and introduces the pH scale. The chapter also covers neutralization reactions and the preparation and uses of common substances such as baking soda, washing soda, and Plaster of Paris. All these key concepts are explained simply in the acid bases and salts Class 10 notes, which makes them highly useful for clear understanding.

Moreover, using Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 2 notes can save your time and make study easier. They give simple explanations of important topics and help you remember concepts better. So, keep reading to learn more about CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2.

Check out: CBSE Class 10 Books

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 Acid Bases and Salt

Class 10 Science Chapter 2 notes explain the basic principles of acids, bases, and salts, along with their properties and uses. These notes are made to match the latest CBSE syllabus and exam pattern so that students can study without confusion. Using these Acid Bases and Salts class 10 notes PDF, students can also revise anytime without online distractions.

Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes

1) Acids:

Definition: Acids are substances that can donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction.
Common Acids:

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
Nitric acid (HNO₃)
Acetic acid (CH₃COOH)
Citric acid (found in citrus fruits)

Properties of Acids:

Sour taste
Turn blue litmus paper red
React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
React with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas
Can neutralize bases

2) Bases:

Definition: Bases are substances that can accept protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction.
Common Bases:

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
Ammonia (NH₃)
Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂)

Properties of Bases:

Bitter taste
Feel slippery or soapy
Turn red litmus paper blue
Can neutralize acids

3) Salts:

Definition: Salts are formed by the reaction between acids and bases. They are compounds composed of positive and negative ions.
Examples of Salts:

Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Potassium nitrate (KNO₃)
Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄)

4) pH Scale:

Definition: The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution.
pH Values:

0 to 7: Acidic (lower values are more acidic)
7: Neutral
7 to 14: Basic or alkaline (higher values are more basic)

5) Indicators:

Definition: Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases.
Examples of Indicators:

Litmus paper (blue turns red in acid, red turns blue in base)
Phenolphthalein (colorless in acid, pink in base)
Methyl orange (red in acid, yellow in base)

6) Neutralization:

Definition: Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base, resulting in the formation of salt and water.
General Equation: Acid + Base → Salt + Water

7) Applications:

Acids:

Used in industries, laboratories, and daily life (e.g., citric acid in fruits).

Bases:

Used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents.

Salts:

Have various applications, including in food preservation and water treatment.

Check Out: CBSE Class 10 Sample Papers

CBSE Notes Class 10 Science Chapter 2 Important Questions

Below are some important questions for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2: "Acids, Bases, and Salts," along with their answers.

1. What are acids? Provide examples of common acids.
Answer: Acids are substances that can donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction. Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and citric acid.

2. Define bases. Give examples of common bases.
Answer: Bases are substances that can accept protons (H⁺ ions) in a chemical reaction. Examples include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonia (NH₃).

3. Explain the term 'pH.' How is it measured?
Answer: pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is measured on a scale ranging from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral. Values below 7 indicate acidity, and values above 7 indicate alkalinity. pH is determined using indicators or pH meters.

4. What are indicators? Provide examples and their colors in acidic and basic solutions.
Answer: Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of acids or bases. Examples include:

Litmus paper (blue turns red in acid, red turns blue in base)
Phenolphthalein (colorless in acid, pink in base)
Methyl orange (red in acid, yellow in base)

5. Describe the chemical properties of acids.
Answer: Acids react with metals to produce hydrogen gas, react with carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, and react with bases to form salts and water.

6. What are the chemical properties of bases?
Answer: Bases react with acids to form salts and water. They also feel slippery to the touch, and some bases dissolve in water to produce hydroxide ions.

7. Explain the importance of the pH scale in our daily lives.
Answer: The pH scale is crucial in determining the acidity or alkalinity of substances in daily life. It is used in industries, agriculture, and health-related applications.

8. How are salts formed? Provide examples of common salts.
Answer: Salts are formed by the reaction between acids and bases. Examples include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄).

9. Discuss the applications of acids in different industries.
Answer: Acids are used in the production of fertilizers, in the pickling of metals, in the textile industry, and in the food industry for flavoring.

10. What are the uses of bases in our daily lives?
Answer: Bases are used in the manufacture of soaps and detergents. They are also used in cleaning agents and in various household products.

Check out: CBSE Class 10 Question Banks

11. Explain the process of neutralization.
Answer: Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. It involves the combination of H⁺ ions from the acid and OH⁻ ions from the base.

12. How do antacids work?
Answer: Antacids, which are basic in nature, neutralize excess stomach acid to provide relief from indigestion and acidity.

13. Describe the role of pH in the preservation of food.
Answer: pH plays a role in food preservation by influencing the growth of microorganisms. Acidic conditions inhibit the growth of spoilage organisms and bacteria.

14. Discuss the environmental impact of acid rain.
Answer: Acid rain, formed by the reaction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with atmospheric moisture, has harmful effects on the environment, including soil and water pollution.

15. How is the pH of a solution determined experimentally?
Answer: The pH of a solution can be determined experimentally using indicators or pH meters. Indicators change color based on the pH of the solution.

16. Explain the concept of amphoteric substances. Provide examples.
Answer: Amphoteric substances can act as both acids and bases depending on the conditions. Examples include water (H₂O), aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃), and zinc oxide (ZnO).

17. What is the importance of buffers in maintaining pH in biological systems?
Answer: Buffers are crucial in maintaining a stable pH in biological systems. They resist changes in pH by neutralizing added acids or bases. This is essential for the proper functioning of enzymes and other biological processes.

18. Discuss the role of acids in the digestive system.
Answer: Gastric acid (hydrochloric acid) in the stomach aids in the digestion of food by breaking down proteins. It also creates an acidic environment, preventing the growth of harmful microorganisms.

19. How does the pH of rainwater change in polluted areas?
Answer: In polluted areas, the pH of rainwater can become acidic due to the presence of pollutants like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, leading to the formation of acid rain.

20. Explain the term 'alkalinity.' How is it different from pH?
Answer: Alkalinity is a measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acids. It is not the same as pH, which specifically measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

21. Discuss the role of limestone in neutralizing acidic soils.
Answer: Limestone (calcium carbonate) is used to neutralize acidic soils in agriculture. It reacts with acidic substances in the soil, releasing carbon dioxide and forming water-soluble calcium ions.

22. How does the taste of sour substances differ from bitter substances?
Answer: Sour substances taste acidic, while bitter substances taste alkaline. Lemons and vinegar are examples of sour substances, while baking soda is an example of a bitter substance.

23. Explain the term 'corrosion' in the context of metals. How can it be prevented?
Answer: Corrosion is the gradual destruction of metals due to their reaction with substances in the environment, especially oxygen and moisture. It can be prevented by coating metals, using corrosion-resistant alloys, or applying protective coatings.

24. Compare and contrast strong acids with weak acids.
Answer: Strong acids ionize completely in solution, releasing a high concentration of hydrogen ions. Weak acids only partially ionize, resulting in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions.

25. Describe the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
Answer: Hydrogen chloride gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of sodium chloride (NaCl) with concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

Check Out: CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Papers

Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes PDF

Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes PDF is very useful for students, as it gives all important points of the chapter in one place. It helps in quick revision before exams and saves time in studying. Students can use the PDF anytime, anywhere for better understanding of concepts. Get the direct link below to download the Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 Notes PDF.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 PDF Link

Benefits of Using Class 10 Chemistry Chapter 2 Notes

Using class 10th science ch 2 notes, you can boost your classroom as well as exam preparations and make important points easy to remember. Here are some key benefits of using class 10 chemistry chapter 2 notes:

Complete Syllabus Coverage: These class 10 chemistry chapter 2 notes cover all topics from the chapter as per the CBSE syllabus. You can easily revise every concept needed for exams without missing anything important.
Simple and Clear Explanations: The notes explain difficult terms like pH, indicators, and neutralization in a simple way.
Perfect for Quick Revision: Instead of reading the whole textbook, students can save time by revising important definitions, reactions, and examples directly from these acids, bases and salts class 10 notes.
Includes Practice Questions with Answers: The Acid Bases and Salts Class 10 notes PDF also include solved questions and practice questions. Solving these helps you test their understanding and improve their problem-solving skills.
Time-Saving and Well-Organized: All concepts in these class 10th science ch 2 notes are written in short and clear form. This makes studying simple and helps you focus on what's really important for exams.
Exam-Oriented Notes: Acids, bases and salts Class 10 notes are designed specially for exam preparation. They highlight the important topics and commonly asked questions, guiding students to prepare smartly.

Check out: CBSE Class 10 Revision Books

How to Use Class 10th Science Ch 2 Notes to Score Well

Class 10 chemistry chapter 2 notes are useful study material for students preparing for their board exams. But to score well, you should know how to use them smartly during their preparation:

Start with Concept Reading: Before using the notes, read the chapter once from your NCERT textbook. This will help you understand the basic concepts clearly before moving to the short and focused notes.
Highlight Key Points and Equations: While studying from the notes, underline important definitions, reactions, and equations. This helps you quickly revise them before exams without going through the whole text again.
Use Notes for Quick Revision: The class 10th science ch 2 notes are good for last-minute revision. Go through the bullet points, formulas, and examples regularly to keep them fresh in your mind.
Solve Practice Questions: After revising the notes, attempt the practice questions included at the end. Write the answers on your own and then compare with the given solutions to check your preparation level.
Revise Before Test: Use the notes a day before your class test or board exam to quickly brush up on the important topics. This keeps the concepts fresh and boosts your confidence.

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 FAQs

Q.1. What are acids and bases?

Ans. Acids are substances that taste sour and release hydrogen ions (H⁺) in water. Bases are substances that taste bitter and release hydroxide ions (OH⁻) in water.

Q.2. Give common examples of acids and bases.

Ans. Examples of acids include lemon juice, vinegar, and hydrochloric acid. Examples of bases include baking soda, soap, and sodium hydroxide.

Q.3. What are CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2?

Ans. CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2 notes are short and easy summaries of the chapter Acids, Bases, and Salts that help students revise all important topics, reactions, and definitions quickly.

Q.4. Are class 10th science ch 2 notes enough for board exams?

Ans. Yes, CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 2 are very helpful for board exam preparation. However, students should also read the NCERT textbook and solve sample papers to score well.

Q.5. Where can I get acids, bases and salts class 10 notes PDF?

Ans. You can download the acids, bases and salts class 10 notes PDF from the link given above in this article.

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