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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 4 The Age of In...

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation

Author at PW

August 29, 2025

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 History Chapter 4 provide easy-to-understand explanations for all questions and answers from the textbook. In the final exams, many questions come directly from your NCERT book. That's why it is important for you to pay extra attention to these History class 10 chapter 4 question answers.

Moreover, the chapter "The Age of Industrialisation" explains how industries and factories first developed in Europe and later in India. The main theme of this History class 10th chapter 4 is how societies and economies were changed when work shifted from manual labor to machine-based production during the 18th and 19th centuries, a period known as the Industrial Revolution. It also discusses the rise of factories, the changing roles of workers, the effects of colonialism in India, and the growth of global trade.

Learning the Class 10 Age of Industrialisation question answer is important because it helps you understand the chapter better. It makes it easier to answer questions in exams or in class. You can also refer to these while doing your homework. Using these NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 while studying helps you remember important topics and understand key concepts like proto-industrialisation, industrialisation in Britain and India, urbanization, and global trade. It prepares you for the upcoming board exams effectively.

Check Out: CBSE Class 10 Books

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation are provided here by PW to help you understand the chapter deeply. These solutions explain every answer simply, which makes it easy for you to attempt questions in exams.

These class 10 history chapter the Age of Industrialisation question answers can also be used for quick revision before tests. Using them, you can understand important topics and answer questions confidently in class. Keep reading to check all the Class 10 History chapter 4 question answers here.

The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 Questions and Answers

Question. Explain the following:

(a) Women workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny.

(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.

(d) The East India Company appointed gomasthas to supervise weavers in India.

Solutions:

(a) British women workers disliked the Spinning Jenny because it accelerated the spinning process, which decreased the need for labor. Because of this, women working in the wool industry had a real fear of losing their employment. Up until now, they had survived by hand spinning, but the new machine threatened that.

(b) The market, labor, raw resources, and the towns' commodity manufacture were under the control of the guild of trade and commerce. This created challenges for merchants hoping to increase output by recruiting more men. They consequently turned to rural artisans and peasants for assistance.

(c) By the end of the eighteenth century, European companies had become more and more important in India's trade, which led to the decline of Surat's port. Local courts made a number of concessions to them, including exclusive commercial rights. Consequently, local merchants started to operate out of the traditional ports of Surat and Hooghly, which started to diminish.

(d) Gomasthas were recruited by the English East India Company to:

Eliminate the need for dealers and middlemen and establish direct authority over the weavers
to use control and advancement to keep weavers from engaging with other clients. In this way, weavers who received loans and fees in advance were obligated to the British.

Question. Write "True" or "False" against each statement:

(a) At the end of the nineteenth century, 80 percent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.

Ans: False

(b) The international market for fine textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.

Ans: True

(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.

Ans: False

Question. Explain what is meant by proto-industrialization.

Answer: Proto-industrialization is the term used to describe the stage of industrialization that preceded the factory system. Before factories arrived, there was extensive industrial manufacturing for a global market. This stage of industrial history is known as proto-industrialization.

Question: Discuss:

1. Why did some industrialists in nineteenth-century Europe prefer hand labour over machines?

Ans: Some European entrepreneurs of the nineteenth century preferred hand labour to machinery because

Machine-made apparel was unable to satisfy consumer demand for a broad variety of types, colours, and styles. Intricate patterns and hues could only be produced by human talent.
Nobility and other upper-class people preferred only handcrafted goods throughout the Victorian era.
Large capital expenditures were needed, and the machines were costly, inefficient, and challenging to maintain.
Labour was easily available at reasonable pay at the time.
Seasonal enterprises only need seasonal labour.

2. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from Indian weavers?

Ans: The English East India Company used a number of techniques to buy cotton and silk from weavers, such as:

Gomasthas, or paid supervisor appointments, are what they are called. In addition, they procured materials and assessed the quality of the weavers' cloth.
Company weavers are shielded from competing buyers by a system of advances and loans.

3. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encyclopedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.

Ans: Britain and the cotton history:

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, traders engaged in the textile trade with rural populations. Wool would be bought from a stapler by a clothier, who would then take it to the spinners and deliver the yarn to the weavers, fullers, and dyers for additional processing. The ultimate destination for these products was London. In the annals of British manufacturing history, this era is known as proto-industrialization. At this period, factories were not an essential component of the industry. Rather, there was a network of trade exchanges.

The first industrial emblem was cotton. Its productivity increased rapidly in the late nineteenth century. From 2.5 million pounds in 1760 to 22 million pounds in 1787, imports of raw cotton rose sharply. This was made possible by the introduction of the cotton mill, modern machinery, and improved management, all under one roof. Up until 1840, cotton was the most significant industry in its early years.

Since machines meant less manual labour and fewer jobs, most inventions in the textile industry were met with derision and contempt from the workforce. The Spinning Jenny was one such invention. Women in the woollen business were against it and tried to destroy it since it was forcing them out of the workforce.

Check Out: CBSE Class 10 Sample Papers

Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialisation Brief Summary

The Age of Industrialisation chapter is about how the world changed when people started using machines instead of making things by hand in ancient times. Factories and trade increased, and new inventions made production faster. This Class 10th History chapter 4 also shows how industrialisation affected workers and how it came to India.

Before factories, there was a period called proto-industrialisation, where merchants gave money to peasants and artisans to make goods at home.
In Britain, the first factories started in the 1730s, especially in the cotton industry. Machines like Arkwright’s cotton mill helped centralize production, and later, the iron and steel industries also grew.
In Britain, industrialisation brought economic growth, new technologies, and more organized work, but workers faced long hours, low pay, and crowded cities. Many people moved from villages to towns for jobs, causing social problems.
In India, traditional industries like cotton textiles were strong before British rule. But British trade and machine-made textiles reduced India’s exports and affected the weavers.
The first Indian cotton mills started in the 1850s-1860s, and Indian businessmen also built jute and cotton mills in different regions.
Industrialisation also expanded global trade, as countries looked for new markets and raw materials.

Some of the important points in this chapter are:

Capitalism: A system where people or businesses privately own factories, machines, and money and try to earn a profit by selling goods.
Monopolies: When one person or company controls all of a product or service, so others cannot compete.
Technological Advancements: New machines, tools, or methods that made work faster and easier.
Urbanization: When many people move from villages to cities to work in factories, causing towns and cities to grow.
Global Interdependence: Countries around the world depend on each other for trade, goods, and resources.

Benefits of History Class 10 Chapter 4 Question Answer from NCERT

NCERT Solutions are very useful if you want to understand The Age of Industrialisation Class 10 questions and answers in an easy way. These solutions explain the important topics that help you learn how to write answers correctly.

These Class 10 history chapter 4 question answer solutions cover all textbook questions and can be greatly beneficial for you because they are:

Easy to Understand: These solutions make difficult topics easy and show you how to answer questions in a proper way.
Based on the NCERT Textbook: All these Class 10 History Chapter 4 question answers are taken from your textbooks, so you study exactly what is needed for your exams.
Exam Practice: Many exam questions come from NCERT, so practicing with these solutions helps improve your answer-writing and confidence.
Quick Revision: All important points covered in the class 10 Age of Industrialisation question answer are explained in one place for quick revision.
Useful for Class and Homework: These history class 10 chapter 4 question answers also help you with homework or answering questions in class.

Check Out: CBSE Class 10 Question Banks

Tips to Study Class 10 Social Science for Board Exams

Studying NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 is one of the best tips to prepare for this subject. But you can also boost your preparation by including some additional Class 10th Books by PW.

Social Science includes History, Geography, Political Science (Civics), and Economics. These subjects are important if you plan to study Arts in higher classes, and they are also useful for competitive exams. Here are some tips that can help you study Social Science for Board Exams in an effective way:

Read and Understand Every Chapter Deeply

Try to read every chapter deeply and understand the main topics. Using the class 10 history chapter the age of industrialisation question answer can help you in writing answers properly.

Make Notes of Key Concepts

Writing notes can help you remember important facts. Use CBSE Chapterwise Class 10 Topper Handwritten Notes for Social Science, which have clear and well-organized summaries of important topics. The notes are based on the CBSE syllabus and can make your revision and exam preparation easier.

Practice Sample Papers

Solving Class 10 Social Science sample papers can improve your speed and confidence. Practicing these papers helps you get used to different types of questions and manage your time during exams.

Solve Previous Year Questions from Class 10th Board Exams

Going through previous years’ questions helps you know which topics are mostly asked. It also helps you practice answering questions in the right way, manage your time during exams, and improve your confidence.

Use Question Banks to Practice Different Types of Questions

Books like CBSE Bank Class 10 Social Science by PW give clear explanations, concept maps, and solved questions. This can help you understand the chapters deeply.

Use Mind Maps for Quick Revision

Revision is the key to scoring well in class 10th board exams. Use books like CBSE Class 10 Mind Maps for Social Science, which show chapter summaries, key concepts, and formulas in a simple way. It can help you revise faster before exams or tests.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 FAQs

Q.1. What is the theme of Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4?

Ans. The theme of "The Age of Industrialisation" chapter is how the world changed when people started using machines. It explains the growth of factories, new inventions, trade, and how these changes affected people in Europe and India.

Q.2. Are the age of Industrialisation Class 10 questions and answers enough to score well?

Ans. Learning the class 10 history chapter the age of industrialisation question answers from the NCERT book helps you understand the chapter and the correct way to write answers in exams.

Q.3. When to study the NCERT Class 10 History Chapter 4 question answer?

Ans. It is best to study the Class 10 history chapter 4 question answer after reading the complete chapter from the textbook. You can also revise with these solutions before exams or while doing homework for a better understanding.

Q.4. What are the important topics covered in Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4?

Ans. Some key topics from this chapter are proto-industrialisation, the coming of factories, industrialisation in Britain, its impact on workers, industrialisation in India, and global trade networks, among others.

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